---
slug: "pass-interference"
title: Pass Interference
depth_tier: entry
side: UNIVERSAL
category: Rules
source_id: "RUL-0029"
created: 2026-04-07
updated: 2026-04-19
canonical: https://learningfootball.xyz/terms/pass-interference
aliases:
  - PI
  - interference
---
# Pass Interference

## Short Definition

A foul for illegally hindering an opponent's opportunity to catch a forward pass—called on both offense and defense.

## Definition

Pass interference covers illegal contact between players during a forward pass attempt. Both the offense and defense can commit it.

Defensive pass interference (DPI) is called when a defender impedes a receiver's ability to catch a pass through illegal contact—grabbing, pushing, or running through the receiver before the ball arrives. In the NFL, DPI is a spot foul—the ball is placed at the spot of the foul with an automatic first down, making it one of the most consequential penalties in the game. In college football, DPI is a 15-yard penalty.

Offensive pass interference (OPI) is called when a receiver pushes off a defender to create separation or runs a pick route that makes illegal contact. OPI is 10 yards from the previous spot with loss of down.

In flag football, pass interference rules exist but are enforced differently—most leagues use a fixed yardage penalty rather than a spot foul, and the contact rules account for the no-press-coverage rule that prevents defenders from jamming receivers at the line.

## Example

"The corner grabs the receiver's arm before the ball arrives—DPI. In the NFL that's a spot foul: ball placed at the 38-yard line, automatic first down. One foul, potentially 40 yards gained."

## Common Confusion

Pass interference requires an active forward pass to be in the air. Contact before the pass is thrown—even contact that would be PI if the ball were thrown—is holding or illegal contact, not pass interference. The ball being in the air is the prerequisite condition for a PI call.

## Related

- defensive-pass-interference
- offensive-pass-interference
- automatic-first-down
- spot-foul
- holding
- eligible-receiver

---
Source: https://learningfootball.xyz/terms/pass-interference